Ms Quantitative Economics - 3348 Words

SYLLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR MS(QE) 2012 Syllabus for ME I (Mathematics), 2012 Algebra: Binomial Theorem, AP, GP, HP, Exponential, Logarithmic Series, Sequence, Permutations and Combinations, Theory of Polynomial Equations (up to third degree). Matrix Algebra: Vectors and Matrices, Matrix Operations, Determinants. Calculus: Functions, Limits, Continuity, Diï ¬â‚¬erentiation of functions of one or more variables. Unconstrained Optimization, Deï ¬ nite and Indeï ¬ nite Integrals: Integration by parts and integration by substitution, Constrained optimization of functions of not more than two variables. Elementary Statistics: Elementary probability theory, measures of central tendency; dispersion, correlation and regression, probability†¦show more content†¦The probability of using 2 2 transports A, B, C, D by an individual is 1 , 9 , 4 , 9 respectively. The 9 9 probability that he arrives late at work if he uses transportation A, B, 4 C, D is 5 , 7 , 6 , and 6 respect ively. What is the probability that he 7 7 7 used transport A if he reached oï ¬Æ'ce on time? A B C D 1 , 9 1 , 7 3 , 7 2 . 9 19. What is the least (strictly) positive value of the expression a3 +b3 +c3 − 3abc, where a, b, c vary over all strictly positive integers? (You may use ( ) the identity a3 +b3 +c3 −3abc = 1 (a+b+c) (a−b)2 +(b−c)2 +(c−a)2 .) 2 A 2, B 3, C 4, D 8. 20. If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca is, (A) −0.75, (B) Belongs to the interval [−1, −0.5], (C) Belongs to the interval [0.5, 1], (D) None of the above. 21. Consider the following linear programming problem: Maximize a + b subject to a + 2b ≠¤ 4, a + 6b ≠¤ 6, 5 a − 2b ≠¤ 2, a, b ≠¥ 0. An optimal solution is: (A) a=4, b=0, (B) a=0, b=1, (C) a=3,b=1/2, (D) None of the above. ∠« −1 1 22. The value of −4 x dx equals, (A) ln 4, (B) Undeï ¬ ned, (C) ln(−4) − ln(−1), (D) None of the above. 23. Given x ≠¥ y ≠¥ z, and x + y + z = 9, the maximum value of x + 3y + 5z is (A) 27, (B) 42, (C) 21, (D) 18. 24. A car with six sparkplugs is known to have two malfunctioning ones. If two plugs are pulled out at random, what is the probability of getting at least one malfunctioning plug. (A) 1/15, (B) 7/15, (C) 8/15, (D) 9/15. 25. Suppose there is a multiple choice test which has 20 questions.Show MoreRelatedResearch Proposal For An Investment Banking Summer Analyst765 Words   |  4 Pageswriting to suggest Ms. Khaliunaa Otgonkhuyag for an Investment banking summer analyst position. She not only has an outstanding academic record but also a number of other core attributes transferrable to this pos ition such as strong quantitative and technical skills, exceptional extracurricular commitment, and a keen interest in investment banking. 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The US economy is deteriorating while China, a standard-bearer for the state-orientedRead MoreThe Court Of The European Union1466 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion concerns Romanian nationals who were refused a grant of benefits by way of basic provision by Jobcenter Leipzig on 28 September 2011. After they were refused a second time they lodged an administrative objection which was dismissed. On 1 July 2012 Ms Dano and her son challenged that decision before the Sozialgericht Leipzig . The Court of Justice of the European Union decided that Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 must be construed as meaning that ‘special non-contributory cash benefits’ fall withinRead MoreFinance, Economics, And Finance Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesappreciate the importance of financial sector in the modern world. In the university, I was fortunate to have been exposed to many interesting and challenging fields. 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A low andRead MoreUnderstanding Adverse Selection1663 Words   |  7 Pagessecond statement listed above references payment for goods and services, which is the inherent condition for the given definition. The first and third statements listed reference money in a figurative existence. The first option references a rough quantitative number, which generally would ignore the benefits from the health insurance and company picnic and the third statement refers to behavior as a result of fantasy. 3. For each of the following assets, indicate which of the money aggregates (M1Read MoreEight Centuries Of Financial Folly By Carmen M. Reinhart And Kenneth S. Rogoff1727 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential economic analysis book around recent years.(paul letter2) In this essay, I will give a brief view of Reinhart-Rogoff’s theory and explore some criticisms of R-R’s work, and then summarizes their defences against those criticisms. The main argument of Reinhart-Rogoff is that too much debt will leads to a huge dangerous consequence. In their recent working paper â€Å"Growth in a Time of Debt†, they pointed out that once government issued debt which exceeds 90 percent of GDP, economic growth wouldRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Random Digit Dialing Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesEstimated to cost between $20,000 and $50,000, the Brand Image Monitoring Survey (brand tracking) as suggested by Mr. Wallace when considering the $3.5 million in lost sales easily provides reason to move forward. The brand tracking will use the quantitative approach of â€Å"random digit dialing† in the areas that surround each Coop Outlet to ensure the â€Å"probability standard.† When designed and implemented correctly with clear, specific techniques, will uncover improvement areas to drive up sales and capitalize

The Success Of The Merger - 1818 Words

Background The inception of Bancolombia has been through a myriad of arduous processes in order to emerge as Colombia’s largest bank by assets (bnamericas, 2014). From its humble beginnings as Banco Industrial Colombiano (BIC) to its strategic acquisition with Banco de Colombia (BC), which became formerly known as ‘old’ Bancolombia. The success of the merger was largely attributed to Jairo Burgos who later becomes the integration project leader (IPL) of Bancolombia-Corfinsua-Conavi integration process, also officially known as Bancolombia (Cajiao, 2011). Introduction Success in a merger and acquisition (MA) can be measured in various ways (e.g. financial ratios or value creation). However, this essay will mainly attribute success to human resource management’s (HRM) positive integration of culture and strategy. Therefore, this essay seeks to discuss and analyze the case study critically in order to bring light into the success factors of the merger, which includes emotional empathy, and operationalization of values, factors of failures and attainment of management talent and new capabilities. Failure of Mergers Mergers and acquisition has always been a huge challenge in business. However, in order for businesses to thrive and succeed in competition, it has become one of the most important strategic tasks to undertake. According to Briscoe, Schuler and Tarique (2012), the two main reasons for the failure of mergers are the negligence of the role of human resource (HR)Show MoreRelatedFactors Influencing the Success of Takeovers and Mergers Essay example1283 Words   |  6 Pagesreference to the item on telecoms and your own research, to what extent do you think that leadership is the main factor influencing the success of takeovers and mergers? Leardership is influencing and directing the performance of a group members towards achieving the goals of the organisation. Leadership is the main factor influencing the success of takeovers and mergers because Staff who has strong leadership skills will motivate and insipre other employees to achieve the goals and objectives of theRead MoreRoles of Human Resource in Managing Employee Expectation for the Success of Merger8242 Words   |  33 PagesROLES OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN MANAGING EMPLOYEE EXPECTATION INFLUENCE THE SUCCESS OF MERGER ACQUISITION By KASMARIZA KASSIM A project paper submitted to Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia in fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Human Resource Management 1 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ix xiii xiv CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Background Study Problem Statement ResearchRead MoreMerger Between Daimler And Chrysler1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe merger between Daimler and Chrysler was expected to be a success in the economy especially with the current trend and demand in the automotive sector. Daimler is considered one of the most successful and profitable automotive companies across the globe. Founded in 1893 as the Daimler Motor Syndicate Ltd, its growth and expansion in the automotive sector has been facilitated by the need to meet the interests and needs of its key stakeholders (Barnard, 1998). The vehicles that are manufacturedRead MoreDo Mergers Add Value to Business1527 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition of Mergers Merging Intelligently Steps for Merger Success Reasons for Failure in Mergers Analysis TATA group the market Pioneers Tata Steel Tata Teleservices Do Mergers add value to business? Introduction In a times where there is cut throat competition for even the biggies, organizations who have been playing since many decades and the rulers of economy it became a concern for them for how to survive? Here in cropped up the Idea of MERGERS. Well, whether a Merger addsRead MoreWhat Merger Is The Merger For The Company Of The Southwest Airlines Acquiring The Airtran Airways Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A merger is a form of business that is made up of two or more businesses operating in the same industry coming together to better their services. One of the recent mergers that have happened is that of the Southwest Airlines acquiring the AirTran Airways for several reasons. On making this important acquisition, it is very clear that the operations of the services offered by the airline will expand to different parts of the world with some changes being needed in the parent airlinesRead MoreThe Role Of Organizational Leadership And Human Resource Professionals1342 Words   |  6 Pagesduring a merger. According to Cartwright Cooper (1993), â€Å"cultural incompatibility is†¦a cause for poor merger performance. Rather than integrating, the two cultures collided, which†¦resulted in low morale, poor work quality, and declining financial performance...† This paper will focus on the challenges of mergers; discuss the roles of organizational leadership and Human Reso urce professionals. Additionally, this paper will discuss how Human Resource professionals can overcome mergers challengesRead MoreCulture Is The Most Effective Culture994 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most challenging aspects of the merger is determine which culture is the most effective culture to move forward with. It may be from one of the companies, a new one entirely, or even a blend of the two. It may be a large amount of hard work to create an entirely new culture, and there is a low probability of success, too. The easiest and most straightforward solution is to pick one of the company’s cultures as a host culture, and merge the other with it. For instance, Philip Morris/GeneralRead MoreThe Purchase of MBNA by the Bank of America736 Words   |  3 Pagesseen many company mergers because of the bad economy. Many of the mergers lead to culture clashes and in the end fail. However, in 2005, Bank of America announced its $35 billion purchase of MBNA a credit card giant, many believed this merger would join with the pile up of those done in by cultural differences (Robbins Judge, 2009). Although these two companies were different in many ways and the cultural differences were a recipe for disaster, the employees agree the merger has worked (RobbinsRead MoreImpact Of Mergers And Acquisitions On Credit Unions1138 Words   |  5 Pagesof mergers and acquisitions on credit unions as it applies to the principles of money and banking. Specifically we will review the impact of the merger between E A Credit Union and First Community Federal Credit Union. Mergers and acquisitions are very common in today’s financial environ ment. According to the Glenn Christensen (2015), there has been an increase in approved mergers again this year, June 2015 over June 2014. Not only are there more and more mergers, the size of the merger isRead MoreUnit VIII Final Project Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesBehavioral Resistance and a Smooth Merger Michael Martin Organizational Theory and Behavior BBA 3451-13L Professor Flores January 18, 2015 With this merger, and the total integration of the smaller insurance company into our company’s current organization structure, the focus naturally turns to continued revenue, operational synergies, and even new service concept. However, we must not lose sight of the most important element of a merger—the adjustment the employees must

Freedom Essay Free Essays

Freedom- what so many people wish for. It was summer of the year 2010, a time when I could finally enjoy myself and be comfortable for who I am. Summer was a time that everyone loved but going back to the year 2008 for me it was a time of darkness. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now All the girls on the beach showing off their new bikinis and all the boys being shirtless and showing off their looks and then there is me†¦. A girl named Page Duncan aged 15 who have no friends because she weighs 70 kg. In November 2007 it was starting to get hot so all my friends and I decided to go to the beach. As we arrived the temperature was getting hot so everyone decided to put on their bikinis for a swim but I didn’t feel comfortable because of my body so I chose to wear a one piece. As I got back from the change rooms some of my friends made comments saying â€Å"oh my god you’re so fat† and â€Å" I didn’t know whales could stay on the sand that long† and as they were saying it they all laughed. When the girls said that to me it made me cry and be really upset so I decided to ring my mum to pick me up. Whilst on the phone with mum she asked me why I wanted to leave so early so I lied to her saying â€Å"I feel sick† so she wouldn’t know. After this day I no longer had friends, I was no longer comfortable with my self, and I was always upset about my body weight. The next day I went to school, as I arrived the whole school laughed at me and again calling me fat. Clearly this was because of yesterday. As the day went I got bullied time after time again. Finally the day ended where I found my self in my room free from all bullying until I went on Facebook. I opened up my message box and received messages saying, â€Å"You’re so fat†, â€Å"go kill your self†, â€Å"you’re ugly†. When I had read this I found my self in so much pain and anger. Today I don’t want to go to school so I am going to ask mum if I can stay home because I am feeling sick. Mum thank God approved so I locked my self in then  room and started crying. After a while I had soaked in so much anger and decided to cut my self. This felt good and I realised it released my anger so I did it again and again and again. Eventually I stopped because I found myself bleeding that much that I had blood on my blankets that was red as cherry. The next day mum calls me for breakfast but I am not hungry so I replied with â€Å"mum I’m not hungry†. Mum then walks into the room and see the scars on my arm and sees the blood on the blankets and asks me â€Å"honey what’s wrong with your arm?† so I reply with â€Å"mum it’s okay I just scratched me arm† so she replied with a â€Å"oh okay be careful next time and go put a band aid on and also come get breakfast†. I chose to stay in my room so I can starve my self so I can have a perfect body. As the days went on I find myself cutting my self more and more and also not eating and I love it. I finally am getting happy with my body, as I have lost 20 kg, which means I am now 50 kg. One day in October 2009 mum confronts me because she again notices my scars and notices I have lost weight so she wants to take me to the doctors so we did to find out that there was nothing wrong with me. Mum tells me she is still not satisfied so she decides to take me another doctor but again nothing is wrong. When I got home I decided to cut my self again, whilst doing it I cut a vein all of sudden BOOM I have past out†¦ A few minutes later mum walks into my bedroom and finds me passed out with blood everywhere. Mum starts panicking and rings triple zero, she then applies pressure till the ambulance come to slow down the loss of blood. The ambulance finally arrives and takes me to hospital. Page Duncan wakes up†¦ â€Å"Hello there, I’m your nurse, you nearly died with the amount of blood you  lost. You have been unconscious for 2 days. I m also here to tell you that you have been diagnosed with depression† mum then walks into the room and is upset she asks me â€Å"why are you doing this†, mum the reason I am doing this is because I am fat and I have no friends. ‘Mum cries’ Mum please don’t be upset and she replies with â€Å" look I am upset about this but that’s okay know because I am going to fix this†. When I finally get out of hospital mum decides to have a talk. She says, † Look Page back in my day I actually was diagnosed as well but I got through it and so can you. I know this is going to be tough but we are going to get through it. I have arranged an interview with the teacher so that they are aware and can help you, I have got you medicine and also if you are that concerned about your weight you can go on a weight program if you’re interest† okay thanks mum I really appreciate it, I really didn’t know you experienced this. I’m sorry. 2010 summer came and I am healthy, I am happy, 2 years later at 60kg, confident and now have friends that appreciate for who I am, I can now put a bikini and not be conscious and most in importantly I owe it all to my mum for getting me through this. After all this time I decided to go to the beach and not be scared about what others think and accept that if people want to bully me they are not true friends. In conclusion you do not have to be skinny or good looking to have fun or put on a bikini or be shirtless, it’s all about appreciating what you have. You don’t need these things to have freedom. Page Duncan was diagnosed with depression because of what other people thought. She then overcame this with the help of others and now realises that you don’t have to be skinny or good looking or smart to be free and happy. Her weight does not longer get the better of her because she knew if they said hurtful things that they weren’t true friends. The best way to describe is â€Å"if you believe you will achieve†. How to cite Freedom Essay, Essays

Conflicts In Romantic Relationships Essay Example For Students

Conflicts In Romantic Relationships Essay CONFLICT IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPSAs long as people have gotten romantically involved with one another, there has been conflict within those relationships. Some people argue that conflict is bad for the relationship and will ultimately lead to the demise of that relationship. Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No matter what stage the relationship is in and whether or not the relationship is being helped or hurt, conflict is always happening in different contexts. Conflict is also caused by numerous reasons. These reasons include a lack of interpersonal communication skills, low levels of trust, physical abuse, an individuals past history in relationships, and many others. Not many people in the world can say that they have had a 100% successful romantic relationship. Looking at the high divorce rate in the United States c an prove this. However, there are those couples that have remained together for numerous years. As I am sure that conflict played a big part in ending a large number of relationships, I am also sure that the successful relationships have had their fair share of conflict and have even been helped by that conflict. In this paper, I have constructed nine propositions relating conflict to certain behaviors within romantic relationships. Each one will be defined, summarized, and supported according to the available research. P1- Women that have been abused in the past are more likely to remain in an abusive relationship. Unfortunately, thousands of women are abused everyday in the United States. This abuse can be physical, verbal, or psychological. Women, by nature, seem to hold a higher sense of personal worth when involved in a relationship. From birth, women are taught by society to conform to certain expectations and definitions of what it means to be a female. Growing up, women always here phrases such as Thats not lady like or You should be treated like a lady. What does it mean to be a lady? According to most societies, it means that women are the weaker sex and are always in need of a man to take care of them. Men are taught, from birth, what it means to be a man. This definition is usually one of dominance and control. This is shown in phrases such as I am the man of the house. When a woman is abused earlier in life she is trained in that frame of mind that women are the conformists and men are the dictators. Violence by men is a major component of the larger social hierarchy of gender. (Woods, 1999, p. 481). The abuse in these relationships usually instills feelings of inferiority, which goes along with their societal learning from childhood. Not only does this abuse give feelings of inferiority but also feelings of shame which lead to a sense of obligation to conserve the relationship to the best of her ability. According to a study done by K.M.Landenburger (1988), most women in these instances gave up on themselves before they gave up on their partners. If giving up on themselves, the logical conclusion is that they will eventually see the abuse as a social norm and will expect that in future relationships, thus repeating the cycle over and over again. P2- Women who have had more sexual partners increase their likelihood of abuse in a romantic relationship. Again, in this proposition, abuse is defined as physical, verbal, or psychological. As in any situation, the more exposure that a person has to a certain element, the more risk is involved pertaining to that element. In this case, women who have more sexual partners are exposing themselves to a greater risk factor of being intimate with that one that will engage in some sort of abusive behavior. With the increased exposure to a number of intimate partners, there comes a decreased sense of control for the women involved in these relationships. (Neufeld, McNamara, Ertl, 1999). When a person loses their sense of control, they become vulnerable and susceptible to incidence of abuse. According to the Abusive Behavior Inventory, (Shephard and Campbell, 1992 shown in Neufield, McNamara, Ertl 1999) the instance of abuse with a high number of partners went up significantly in all aspects of the definition. However it seemed that the highest level of abuse occurred psychologically. The ABI also indicated that 5% of undergraduate females had over seven sexual partners in a six-month period. This group showed the highest incidence of abuse within those relationships. It seems to me that any people who expose themselves to a high number such as this are going to put themselves in a situation where the abuse would be expected, to an outside observer. P3- High levels of insecurity cause high levels of dependency on romantic relationships. Dependency is defined as the reliance of an individual on another person for the satisfaction of his/her needs. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998). In this case, insecurity can be defined as relational meaning a person will have doubts and uncertainties about the relationship that he/she is in. Insecurity is a sign that a person is lacking a perceived need in their life. Insecurity would then be the counterpart of dependency as w person would be lacking something therefore depending on something else. This is explained as Theory views the degree to which a person is dependent on a specific relationship as a function, not only of the number and importance of the needs the relationship currently satisfies for the individual, but also as a function of the extent to which those needs cannot be satisfied by alternative means. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998, p. 33). When a person believes bo th that a relationship fills specific needs and that there are a lack of alternatives to fulfilling those needs a greater level of dependence is going to occur. Different factors that may lead to insecurity include the appearance of another person that the partner appears to have an attraction to, or a perceived lack of interest from the partner. Whatever the cause for the insecurity, it seems to always lead to a further dependence on that relationship. The reason for this is a fear of losing the relationship, therefore resulting in a further need for the counterpart to preserve the relationship. Edward Gein EssayIn many romantic relationships, one of the partners feels the need to be controlling. They usually do this by restricting their partners social interactions, monitoring their activities, and reducing their decision-making power. (Ehrensaft Vivian, 1999, p. 251). Men, by nature, have the need to feel that they are always in control. This is especially evident in romantic relationships. Some men however take it to the extreme. They feel the need to watch and control their partners every move. Sometimes this controlling behavior can turn into violent behavior. If a man, who is controlling, feels like he is losing that control, he will many times move to more extreme measures to gain that control back. A survey done on battered women showed that most women reported their partner to be controlling and restrictive before the physical abuse began. Furthermore, most battering men reported that before they became physically abusive to their intimate partners, they made exc essive attempts to limit the independence, decision making power, and social networks of their partner, in some cases they even felt entitled to control them. (Ehrensaft Vivian, 1999, p. 253). P8- Couples that express empathy in conflict are more likely to develop a stable romantic relationship. When in conflict it is always important to express empathy in order for the conflict to be constructive. Empathy can be explained as having a basic understanding of what the other person is thinking and feeling. Empathy, in my opinion, is one of the key ingredients to having successful communication. It is seen as being so important in romantic relationships that people have developed empathy-training workshops for people involved in romantic relationships. Many scholars have reported that the two main components of empathy are listening and suspending ones own thoughts and feelings. (Long, Angera, Carter, Nakamoto, Kalso, 1999). Both of these components are essential to developing and mai ntaining a stable and healthy romantic relationship. Listening can be explained as a conscious attempt to listen to all information that a partner is trying to communicate to their counterpart. If one partner never listens to the other, it is impossible to know and understand what the other person is thinking or feeling unless that person is a mind reader. Without that willingness to listen it is therefor impossible to be empathic. Suspending ones own thoughts and feelings is of equal importance. A person cannot shown any signs of empathy if that person is overly focused upon his/her self. (Long, Angera, Carter, Nakamoto, Kalso, 1999, p. 236). For example if a woman is expressing her concerns to her male partner about his lack of interest in going to the ballet, it is impossible for the man to be empathic if he is only focused on how much he hates the ballet. This then leads to conflict. However, if the man understands her wants and puts his aside, it will show empathy and promote better levels of communication. This will in turn result in a more stable relationship. This can also work in the exact opposite context where the woman understands how much the man dislikes the ballet and puts her feelings aside. This to will develop better communication practice. P9- Men are more likely to withdraw from a serious discussion in a romantic relationship than women are. Men are always said to be the ones in the relationship who want to avoid conflict. This is why I believe that men are more likely to avoid serious discussions about the relationship with their partner. Most of the time when there is a conflict between a couple that is romantically involved with each other, it is the sign that there is a problem in some aspect of the relationship. Most men learn throughout life to be problem solvers. This comes to be a problem if the conflict or serious discussion involves a problem that the man is unable to solve. If this is the case, the man is more likely to withdraw from that serious discussion than the woman is. (Vogel, Wester, Heesacker, 1999). This male withdraw pattern can also be explained by the fact that women are many times seen as having less control in a relationship and are therefore looking to change it. This has to start by discussing the relationship. Males on the other hand are many times seen as having more control in the relation ship and therefore less open to the idea of change. This starts by withdrawing from the discussion about the relationship. (Vogel, Wester, Heesacker, 1999). As you can see, conflict happens in all aspects of romantic relationships. Like I stated earlier in this paper, sometimes it is helpful such as the use of empathy. It is also sometimes hurtful as in the case where a more controlling male is more likely to become physically abusive. However, whether it is good or bad, it is unavoidable. In these nine propositions I have shown a small fraction of a small percent of the different contexts that conflicts can occur in romantic relationships. Whether or not you agree with my propositions, the main goal of this was to study them. As there will always be romantic relationships in existence, there will also be conflict within those relationships. If other conflicts are studied, it is conceivable that methods can be developed to make all conflicts within romantic relationships positive that will result in positive outcomes. Words/ Pages : 2,857 / 24

Brurrito Essays - Tex-Mex Cuisine, , Term Papers

Brurrito Chris Cronk 2nd hour Writing for College Dr. Strauch Burrito Have you ever been eating a burrito and had its entire contents spill all over your clothes? When you were eating that burrito did it taste rather bland? Well, let me tell you how we make a burrito the Taco Bell way! It will change your perspective on how you make burritos forever. To make this burrito I am referring to, you must first obtain these following items: 1 bag of 10?-inch burrito shells, 1 can of refried beans, 1 bag of grated cheddar cheese, 1 head of lettuce, 1 tomato, 1 white onion, 1 tub of sour cream, ? pound of ground chuck, and 1 bottle of pacante sauce. (You will not use all of the ingredients if you make only one burrito.) You must first find the proper utensils and a suitable place to prepare the food. A cutting board would be best for the preparation. Also gather together a skillet, spatula, spoon, and a sharp knife. All of the ingredients must first be cut, cooked, and portioned before the assembly of the finished burrito. Cutting the vegetables will be your next step. Using the knife, take the head of lettuce and shred into small rectangles. Be careful not to cut yourself. Next set aside the lettuce and take the tomato and onion. Slice them into centimeter wide chunks and be sure not to mix together. If you prefer to have the tomato and onion into smaller chunks, simply cut smaller. Leave these ingredients separated for now, and set aside. It is now time to heat the meat and refried beans. Open your can of beans. Then take the spoon and put the beans in a micro-wavable container. Heat on high for 2-3 minutes. Leave in microwave when done so it stays hot. Next grab your skillet and place it on the stove, then turn the stove on high. After that, take your thawed ground beef and place in the skillet. With the spatula, smash until it is a thin layer at the bottom of the pan. Let sit for a minute, and then stir a little. Continue this process until the beef is dark brown. Turn off stove and let sit for the moment. You now have all of the essential ingredients needed to make a burrito the same way as Taco Bell. All there is left to do is to make the burrito. First take a flour tortilla and lay it flat on a plate. Spread 1.5oz of beans on the tortilla. Next put 1.5oz of ground beef on top of the beans. Pour 1oz of pacante sauce over the middle. Using your fingers, pinch about .50oz of lettuce. Put the lettuce in a line down the middle so each bite you take will have a little of everything. Next spoon onto the burrito .50oz of tomatoes and .50oz of onions. Try not to put them all in one place either. Last of all spread .75oz of sour cream as best you can over the whole thing. Roll the tortilla carefully, making sure the ingredients don't fall out. Fold the bottom upward. You are officially finished making your first burrito! It may take a little more time to make than Taco Bell, but it tastes the same and can be done for much cheaper! Use this recipe time and time again and you will always have a good burrito. Enjoy! Human Sexuality

antilegalization of Marijuana essays

antilegalization of Marijuana essays Dear Congressman, I am honored to be writing to you on such a significant topic of national concern. Average citizens are annoyed and just plain fatigued with the drugs and crime problems in America. These upright citizens, that contribute to the growth of American society, are being told that legalization is a reasonable alternative to dealing with these problems in their communities. Legalization of any drug is not a positive way to fight crime. In fact, there is no legitimate reason to legalize drugs. The Legalization of marijuana is the starting point of the pro-legalization of drugs movement. The issue of legalizing marijuana is truly a controversial one, and certainly one that requires a plethora of considerations at the top levels of the legislative branch. When considering the possibility of legalizing marijuana as a recreational drug, there are a number of concerns that come to mind. Is marijuana physically harmful to the user? Is marijuana an addictive drug? Does the use of marijuana lead to dependency situations? Does it act as "gateway" to more hazardous drugs? Does the notion of legalizing marijuana send an immoral, wrong message to the youth of America? Mr. Congressman, the answer to all these questions is YES. According to the DEA (1998), the supreme ruler of drug knowledge in America, there are over 10,0...

Comparing bluetooth technology and infrared Essay

Comparing bluetooth technology and infrared - Essay Example The following paper analyses the relative advantages of all three. Bluetooth is an always-on, short-range radio based technology that resides on a microchip. Controlled and moderated by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, this short range wireless communication technology started off as a utility to enable laptop users to make calls via a mobile phone. It was commissioned by the mobile phone company Ericsson but soon started spreading. The concept behind the technology is fairly simple. It uses a 2.4 GHz band to connect blue tooth devices that may be within ten meters of each other to share at up to 720 Kbps (How Bluetooth Works). This technology can operate with many users to create a piconet, further networks of which allow larger communication. Safety and privacy is assured through encoding each link, thus not allowing third parties to access the data being transferred without the relevant PIN code or authorization. As a radio broadcast communication system is being utilized here, line of sight communication is not a problem in the case of Blu etooth technology. This leads to many possible applications of this technology. First of all wireless communication between various devices such as personal computers in small network or between mobile phones or between a personal computer and its connecting devices such as mouse and keyboard can be employed. This leads to easy communication without the use of long wires that can easily occupy useful space and is unseemly to the eyes and in cramped computer rooms. Game consoles use this technology to allow communication between the processing machine and the controllers. Dial-up internet facility on Personal Digital Assistants makes use of Bluetooth as well. Seeing the range of applications of this technology, one can surmise that it has some obvious benefits. First of all, it replaces serial equipment making use of wires spreading everywhere and allows easy communication with devices near it. There is the further advantage of mobility, where the user is not required to be tethered to the electronic device to be able to use a Bluetooth active device. Such practical advantages make its use worthwhile and convenient. Unlike the Infra Red technology discussed later, it does not require the connecting devices to be in line of sight which gives it an advantage in terms of range over Infra red enable devices. However, there are many disadvantages as well. As many applications as it has, Microsoft chose to not include Bluetooth support in its new operating system as it claimed there were still not many Bluetooth enables devices that required Windows support (How Bluetooth Works). This limits its uses for personal computer users who make use of the Windows operating system. Furthermore, the microchip that is required for Bluetooth technology can be labeled relatively expensive. This presents a challenge to its use in mobile phones which are hugely competitive in terms of prices and companies may see costs rising. This diminishes its extended use by the mobile phone industry unless its cost drops. There is also the problem of security. A number of weaknesses have been pointed out in Bluetooth's pin number based production of a device's initiation key. This can lead to possible cracks in security, allowing a third

Find a small company that does not have a website and writing about Research Paper

Find a small company that does not have a website and writing about the benefits of a website for this company and the benefits of other uses for the the internet for this company - Research Paper Example It is essential for any business to have a website especially at this era of globalization and industrialization so as to be able to compete with the rapid changing world. Most companies have however embraced this type technology, because this is where they communicate their business mission or rather their business requirement. It enables an organization to make information about their business easily available to people and as well as their services offered and products available. Additionally, increased competition among companies producing products that satisfy the same need, has made entrepreneurs look for all possible ways so as to enjoy customer share (Diamond, 2008). A website designed professionally is necessary for such a case. In the following text am going to discuss on a sole proprietorship company. It is an auto repair and tire shop town outside Chicago in a small town (Tire Inc). When the shop was being started, the primary aim was to make it known for its quality repair. However, along the way the owner felt it would be better to satisfy customers need by selling tires. The shop has a wide variety of selection for tires so that the customer can never lack tire there. The staffs are trained and knowledgeable about tire. Therefore, they offer quality services; hence the business of tires has turned out to be more profitable than the initial business. As much as the owner wants to maintain the repair work he also wants to expand the tire business. He believes if he uses the internet he will expand his sales and also benefit from the understanding of his staffs on customer need. The management believes that the right web strategy will help the shop to improve on customer service, increase sales and also create retail outlets in other locations. It is crucial for a business to know what internet business model that is appropriate for them, so as to be able to select right internet business

Knowing a foreign language means much more than knowing words and the Essay

Knowing a foreign language means much more than knowing words and the rules to combine them - Essay Example Knowing a foreign language means much more than knowing words and the rules to combine them Since I know that words and grammar alone would not be necessary, I would have to find out the exact meanings behind what I intend saying or communicating. This is because people will look up to me when I make use of the foreign language. Then again, my comprehension is such that the context receives more significance because it is something that shall put words into proper play (Bissell 1989). It will teach me where to use what and how to make things work as far as my communication domains with a foreign language is related. I will master such concerns easily when I exactly know where I am lacking and what efforts I am making to reach the intended destination. My plan is to have as less mistakes as possible so that my concentration is based on solid footing. It will allow me to experience my own nuances and comprehend things that are significant from second language adoption mechanisms. I am confident that my plan shall see the light of the day if I remain headstrong and consistent because learning a foreign language is always seen as a difficult task. Many people have avoided such a realm within their fore and my learning would not be taken as an exception. Then again, I will give my best to make sure that my plan meets success. What is even more pivotal is the fact that I shall learn new things along the way, which on any given day is a positive for me. I am supremely confident of my abilities and skills as this is the reason why I am consistently moving ahead. Even though it is always a good sign to know the rules of the foreign language, the fact of the matter is that learning a new language requires patience, empathy and understanding by all concerned, and not just the learner himself. Some believe that it is an easier task than people think it to be, this is not reality in the sheerest sense. The need is to find out how people adapt towards learning a new language which is foreign more than anything else. I will make sure within my plan to remain as clos e to the context as possible because this is something that will win me favors anytime. If I remain stuck on to the contextual details, my learning of the foreign language will be done easier (Kelm 2003). But if I lose track somehow, there would be a number of problems as far as learning is related. It will make me feel disjointed with the foreign language that I am trying my best to master. I will do everything within my grasp to comprehend the rules and dictum that this new language brings and try to relate the same with what I have learned within other languages in the past. For me, the foreign language will not only be a language but also a way of life, a different cultural manifestation that I shall get to know within the future. I am certain that this will go a long way in detailing what is deemed as my strength and what shall remain as something that I have still to gather in the coming times. As far as my particular emphasis is concerned, I will focus on getting on to the co ntext more than mere grammar and spellings. I will also give secondary importance to sentence structure but what would remain quintessential is how I shall take up the context under which the foreign language is being learnt. I will follow up my plan by being vigilant and focusing more on what I need to learn along the way. This will mean that I shall derive support and encouragement from the people who already know the foreign langu

Biogas Production From Various Fruit Peels Environmental Sciences Essay

Biogas Production From Various Fruit Peels Environmental Sciences Essay Analysis of the various process conditions for the production of biogas (bio-methanation)from mango peel, papaya peel and banana peel were done. Based on the analysis the process conditions were varied accordingly and the comparative study of biogas production from mangopeel, papaya peel and banana peel in terms of pH, inoculum to substrate ratio and temperature was carried out. The major problem in the bio-methanation process was blockage and scum formation. Temperature and pH fluctuations also affect the production of biogas. High temperature(55à Ã‚ ¦ C) causes accumulation of fatty acids which affects the process stability and influences the pH ( Nagamany and K Ramasamy, Biogas production technology: An Indian perspective). If cow dung is used as the inoculum the stability of the digester is monitored. The pH at 5 the population of microbes is lowered and the activity is reduced ( Sahota and Ajit Singh).The ratios of cow dung to peels (1:2, 1:5, 1:10) were used in different setups and the production of biogas was observed. Peels of various fruits were used in the same ratio and their production rate was measured.The C/N ratio varies for different peels and was adjusted by addition of nitrogen sources for optimization of production . The measurement of volume of biogas produced was done using the downward displacement technique of water. Different parameters that were considered to affect the rate of production were observed for different setups. The comparison of production from different peels aims at identifying the ideal raw material source and the optimization of the process parameters for the maximum production of the gas. Keywords: Bio-methanation, process parameters, process stability, downward displacement of water Introduction The realization that the existing fuel resources are getting exhausted faster than expected and with the current developmental activities being at its high ,the situation demands more conservative action. The demand for the conventional fuel is on an all-time high and the demand can be controlled using alternative fuel sources. The extensive use of conventional sources over all these years has led to degradation in the environment. Since the global climatic stability is at stake the usage of renewable and cleaner fuel sources is being recommended. The usage of renewable fuel sources helps to conserve the existing conventional fuel and protect the environment. Renewable sources can be direct (such as solar energy) and indirect (such as biomass): energy of the wood and the other biomass obtained from plants has solar energy fixed by the process of photosynthesis (Chang, 2003). Anaerobic digestion is a process of biodegradation which uses bacteria to convert biomass into energy. Energy is in the form of biogas which is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide which is used for generation of power. Fruit peels are biodegradable in nature and are a potential source for the production of biogas. The fruit peels mainly consist of cellulose, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, moisture etc these acts as a source of carbon and energy for the microorganisms taking part in the bioconversion and by enzymatic hydrolysis converts the polymeric components of the peels into monomers. The monomers are converted to soluble organic acids mainly acetic acid, (methanogenic bacteria) converts it to methane and carbon-dioxide and various by products. Maishanu and Seekimpi (1988) and Anonymous(1992) observed that microbes require neutral or mild alkaline condition for optimal biogas production. Various parameters such as pH, ratio of substrate: inoculum , temperature affects the production. Materials and Methods The peels of mango, papaya and banana were collected from VIT, were cut into smaller fragments and dried. The moisture content of the various peels was determined by standard method. The peels were grinded, the pulp was prepared and the slurry was prepared in the ratio in accordance to the respective moisture content of the peels. Sieve was done to obtain desired particle size and stored at room temperature. 2litre anaerobic bio-reactor was used to perform the experiment. BMP Test Lab Digester: Experiment was performed in 2 litre anaerobic bioreactor capped with rubber stoppers. Nine reactors were set up and each one was seeded with 20ml of inoculum. For each reactor different cow-dung to peel ratio of (1:2, 1:5, 1:10) were added. The pH was maintained by using alkali. Based on the C/N weight ratio of the peel urea was added to optimize the microbial activity. Nutrients (FeCl3 1g) were added for optimum growth of microbes. Water was added to the reactors after addition of substrates. Reactors were kept at 33-37à Ã‚ ¦C under incubation and the production of gas in each reactor was measured by water displacement method. Analysis The moisture content of the peels, solid content, volatile content and pH were determined by Standard method. Total volume of gas production from various peels was measured at fixed time in each day by water displacement method. Result and Discussion Improper preparation of solids leads to blockage and scum formation: proper milling and dilution ratio of solid is necessary to prevent scum formation and stratification. The C/N ratio (i.e. carbon and nitrogen sources for micro-organisms) should be 25-30:1and the loading rate is varied based on it. The gas production depends on the pH, as a pH of 5 reduced the bacterial population and the activity. Optimum pH for methanogenic microbes was slightly acidic (7-7.2 range). pH can be maintained by removing the carbon-dioxide produced during methanation. Higher temperature increased production but the process becomesunstable due to accumulation of fatty acids. Concentration of the volatile fatty acid in terms of acetic acid should not exceed 2000-3000 mg/l. Stability of the digester depends on carbon-dioxide reduction (either by microbes or artificially) and the accumulation of hydrogen takes place due to the higher production rate of hydrogen than carbon-dioxide reduction rate, it inhibits methanogenesis. Retention time of slurry depends on the dilution ratio, loading rate and digestion temperature. Carbon-dioxide reduces the calorific value of biogas produced hence the gas is passed through lime water to remove carbon-dioxide. Table 1. Various parameters and biogas production rate Sno: Fruit peel used for production Ratio of inoculum to substrate Loading rate of the substrate Volume of flammable gas (stp) in litre. Flammable gas production rate (litre/day). 1. Mango 1:2 1:5 1:10 2. Papaya 1:2 1:5 1:10 3. Banana 1:2 1:5 1:10 Conclusion The analysis of the production rate of biogas from three different fruit peels (mango, papaya, and banana) was done. The process conditions that affect the production of biogas in bioreactor were analysed. The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, inoculum to substrate ratio, slurry ratio was studied and the problems that occur due to the fluctuation of these parameters during the process of bio-methanation were identified. The solutions for these problems were identified and the implementation of optimized process conditionsand the production rate of biogas from various fruit peels are to be measured and compared.

Internet Essay: Internet Censorship -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Internet Censorship When I was in elementary school, I thought girls could give me some dreadful disease. I stayed away from girls because they gave me "cooties". After school, I would go fishing at a nearby stream, ride my skate board, or study only if mandated by my parents. The closest I came to technology was watching the "Little Rascals" on TV. Today, computers and the Internet offers a cyberspace playground for kids. Kids stay up past their bed time playing with their computer or surfing the Internet. The Internet provides entertainment and education for millions of people worldwide. The Internet will have the most dramatic effect on mankind since the industrial revolution. Through the Internet, people can send electronic mail, exchange files, and publish through the world-wide web (WWW), materials that traditionally appeared in journals, magazines, posters, books, television, and film. Information can be searched globally and retrieved in a matter of seconds by the use of Internet "search engines". Every technological advancement of mankind ...

Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence Essay

In 1983 Howard Gardner changed the perception of intelligence and learning with his theory of multiple intelligences. He believed that the traditional view of intelligence that was based on the dimensions of mathematical, logical, and verbal didn’t completely reflect the human ability. Gardner came up with eight intelligences with his theory. Gardner defines â€Å"intelligences† as an ability of the human brain. He believes that the level of ability can grow or recede throughout your life, depending on your efforts and experiences. Gardner’s theory means that there are more than the traditional three ways to learn. It means that people have more ability than what was originally expected. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory has eight intelligences or area of abilities. These eight intelligences are; verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, visual-spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, and naturalist. Verbal- Linguistic is the ability to communicate through language; reading, writing, speaking, and listening. A few of the skills associated with this ability are; remembering terms easily, mastering a foreign language, and using speech or writing to convince someone to do something or believe something. The following techniques will maximize the ability of verbal-linguistic; use a computer to retype and summarize notes, read text and highlight selectively, outline chapters, and recite information or write scripts/debates. Logical-mathematical is the ability to understand logical reasoning and problem solving; math, science, patterns, and sequences. Recognizing abstract patterns, using facts to support an idea, and generating ideas based on evidence, reasoning scientifically (formulating and testing a hypothesis) are some of the skills of the logical-mathematical intelligence. Organize material logically; if it suits the topic, use a spreadsheet program, explain material sequentially to someone, develop systems and find patterns, and analyze and evaluate information are just a few of the ways to maximize this intelligence. Bodily-kinesthetic is the ability to use the physical body skillfully and to take in knowledge through bodily sensation; coordination, working, with hands. The skills associated with bodily-kinesthetic; strong mind-body connection, controlling and coordinating body movement, and using the body to create products or express emotion. Moving while you learn; pace and recite, rewrite or retype notes engage â€Å"muscle memory†, design and play games to learn material, and act out scripts of material are the techniques to maximize this intelligence. Visual-spatial is the ability to understand spatial relationships and to perceive and create images; visual art, graphic design, charts and maps. A few of the skills for visual-spatial are; recognizing relationships between objects, representing something graphically, and manipulating images. To maximize the intelligence of visual-spatial you can do the following; develop graphic organizers for new material, draw mind maps/think links, use a computer to develop charts and tables, and use color in notes to organize. Interpersonal intelligence has the ability to relate to others, noticing their moods, motivations, and feelings; social activity, cooperative learning, and teamwork are just a few. Skills for the interpersonal intelligence are; seeing things from others’ perspectives, noticing moods, intentions, and temperaments of others, and gauging the most effective way to work with individual group members. The best techniques to maximize this intelligence are; studying in a group, discuss material over the phone or send instant messages, teach someone else the material, and make time to discuss assignments and test with your instructor. With the intrapersonal intelligence you have the ability to understand one’s own behavior and feelings; self-awareness, independence, time spent alone. Skills associated with this intelligence are; accessing one’s internal emotions, understanding feelings and using them to guide behavior, and understanding self in relation to others. To maximize the intrapersonal intelligence use these techniques; reflect on personal meaning of information, keep a journal, study in quiet areas, and imagine essays or experiments before beginning. The musical intelligence has the ability to comprehend and create meaningful sound; sensitivity to music and musical patterns. The skills associated with the musical intelligence are; sensing tonal qualities, being sensitive to sound and rhythms in music and in spoken language, and using an understanding of musical patterns to hear music. To maximize the musical intelligence you need to use these techniques; create rhythms out of words, beat out rhythms with hand or stick while reciting concepts, write songs/raps that help you learn concepts, and chant or sing study material along with a favorite tune as you listen. A naturalist has the ability to identify, distinguish, categorize, and classify species or items, often incorporating high interest in elements of the natural environment. A naturalistic has skills that give them the ability to categorize something as a member of a group or species, understanding of relationships among natural organisms, and deep comfort with, and respect for, the natural world. To maximize the naturalistic intelligence these techniques are best; break down information into categories, look for ways in which items fit or don’t fit together, look for relationships among ideas, events, facts, and study in a natural setting if it helps you to focus. The two intelligences that apply most closely with me are verbal-linguistic and interpersonal. I would say that I have very good people skills, meaning that I can communicate well with and to others. I can remember terms easily because I write them down on index cards and study them that way. I am always taking notes and going back and rewriting them and then highlighting the most important information out of the notes, that gives me the verbal-linguistic intelligence. I relate well to others and feel that I am a good judge on picking up on their feelings and moods, which means that I have very good interpersonal intelligence skills. I work well in teams or alone, and can get along with just about everyone I meet. I’m really good at putting myself in another’s shoes so to speak, and seeing things from their point of view. With all things considered I feel that these are my two best intelligences, verbal-linguistic and interpersonal.

Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Example

Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Example Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Negotiations and cross cultural considerations Essay Negotiations Negotiation steams from the Roman word negotiari meaning to carry on business. It was true for ancient Romans as it is for businesspersons of today that negotiations and business involves hard work. (Hendon, Hendon Herbig 1996) Negotiations are a frequent part of international business. Parties involved in a negotiation face different problems in reaching a successful outcome. When parties have different cultural backgrounds the faced problems becomes even more complex. Negotiation is a process to manage relationships. It is a basic human activity that xists between husband and wife, children and parents, employers and employees, buyers and sellers and between business associates. In business relationships the stakes are often high and therefore it is necessary to plan an prepare the negotiation more carefully. (Ghauri 2003) When business parties negotiate the purpose is to influence the process so they can get a better deal rather than to accept or reject what the other party is offering. Negotiations are treated as an important part of developing business in any market. The estimated time spent in negotiations is 50 er cent of the total working time. (Fraser Zarkanda-Fraser 2002) Business negotiations differ from other negotiations. In business negotiations it is considered the most challenging communication tasks (Woo Prudhomme 1999) and are more and more considered a crucial part of the managerial process, which is highly relevant to the implementation of business strategy (Ghauri 2003) Successful negotiations require understanding of each partys culture and may also require adaptation of the negotiating strategy so it is consistent with the other partys culture. Hollensen 2001) Negotiations is important, especially in business to business markets where companies build long term relationships. Establish, maintain and foster relationships are of prime importance for the market transaction to take place (Ghauri 2003). Due to globalization, many companies have also set up overseas branches and many managers are facing greater problems in negotiating with local sales office often manned with local managers. It is therefore, interesting to investigate how culture interfere the negotiation behaviour of parties coming from different countries and cultures. Cross-cultural Considerations The different social behaviour patterns international negotiators encounter have been broadly and loosely defined as cultural differences. Furthermore, there is limited research on the relationship of culture to negotiation, most probably because 0T tne Innerent OITTlcultles In tne metnoaology 0T stuaylng tnese proDlems. I nere are, however, four approaches taken by negotiation literature implying a connection between culture and behaviour : culture as a learned behaviour, culture as shared value, culture as dialectic, and culture-in-context. Robert 1991) Each approach is conceptually different, and this implies that it is important to understand these differences during the conduct of negotiation of international partnerships. Learned behaviours focuses on negotiating etiquette, that is the use of proper social customs, such as whether or not negotiations are conducted over dinner or not. Most books on how to negotiate abroad are written based on this approach to international negotiations. Researchers following this approach observe that certain types of behavior are common to certain cultures, and attempt to catalog those behaviors. Some of the earliest investigations into cultural differences take this form. However, this approach has difficulty accounting for individual variations in negotiation styles. (Robert 1991) Culture as a shared value focuses on the negotiation process. For this approach the assumption, simply put, is that thinking precedes doing, and that ones thinking patterns derive from ones cultural context. Researchers try to discover the basic values and attitudes of a particular culture, and then to deduce patterns of negotiation behavior from those basic beliefs. The shared value approach typically ssumes homogeneity in the cultures dominant or commonly-held cluster of values. This approach can potentially lead to failed negotiations if the negotiators themselves do not follow the rules of perception in the eyes of their counterparts on the other side of the bargaining table. Whereas the learned behavior approach merely describes differing behaviors, this approach attempts to explain those behaviors. However, this approach also has difficulty in accounting for individual variations in negotiation styles. Robert 1991) A third approach understands cultures as shaped by the dialectic tension between aired, opposing values. Cultures can be seen for example as shaped by the tension between the values of collectivism and individualism, or pragmatism and idealism, or spirituality and materialism. This approach has the advantage of being dynamic where the previous approaches were static. It can explain changes in a culture over time as shifts in the balance between opposing values. And it can explain individual variations in negotiating style as different personal interpretations of the same basic tensions. Robert (1991) argues that while this approach is more interesting to the cademic, it is less helpful to the negotiation practitioner, since it gives less definite answers to what to expect in a given circumstance. The culture-in-context model is a complex quintessential integration of the current understanding of human behaviour by systems theorists, such as Max Weber (1947), that human behaviour is not dictated by single cause explanations. Therefore, according to this model, the international negotiator needs to understand that even within such homogeneous cultures as the Japanese, complex human behaviour snou a De expected. Negotlatlng Denavlor wlll vary aepen01ng upon a w10e range 0T factors, such as the participants age, religion, class, or character, relations of authority, institutional setting, the opponents behavior, and even the presence or absence of an audience (Robert 1991) Academic analysts currently favor this approach. Its complexity gives more nuanced explanations. However this same complexity makes it even less useful as a predictive tool, and so as a useful guide for negotiation practitioners. The perceptions that different cultures have concerning trust are an important issue n the conduct of any negotiation. No contract can be drawn that covers every conceivable situation. Parties to any venture, whether international or domestic, must have a level of trust in each other. Humans by their very nature are opportunistic, and to the extent that parties cannot trust each other dictate the level of contractual constraints to prevent opportunistic behaviour. Trust in international negotiations manifests itself in the transaction cost theory, which suggests that some cultures are more trustworthy and less opportunistic than others. Obviously, strategic alliances egotiated between cultures with differing levels of transaction costs carry increased risk. Cultural diversity is not a simple or trivial issue. Understanding cultural differences is critical in the negotiation and operation of any international strategic alliance. Approaches which rely on simplified notions of culture and rational choice theory are attractive in part because they offer determinate accounts of negotiation behavior and relatively simple predictive models. Robert (1991) cautions however that this appeal should not prevent us from undertaking studies which rely on rather ore sophisticated notions of culture. Such approaches are messier but are potentially more accurate and ultimately more rewarding. Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society. New York:Norton. Ghauri, Pervez N, (2003), International business Negotiations- 2nd edition, Oxford, UK:Elsevter, pp 3-22. Hollensen, Svend (2001), Global marketing A market-responsive approach- 2nd edition, Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited. Hendon, Donald W; Hendon, Rebecca Angeles and Herbig, Paul (1996), Cross-cultural Business Negotiations, Quorum Books, Westport, USA Fraser, Campbell and Zarkanda-Fraser, Anna, (2002), An exploratory investigation into cultural awareness and approach to negotiation of Greek, Russian and British Managers, European business review, vol 14, no. 2 , pp. 111-127 Woo, Hong Seng and Prudhomme, Celine (1999), Cultural characteristics prevalent in the Chinese negotiation process, European business review, vol. 99, no. 5, pp 313-322 Rooert JanoslK 1), RetnlnKlng tne culture-Negotlatlon LlnK In Negotlatlon I neory and Practice, eds. J. , Cambridge, pp. 235-246 Weber Max. (1947), The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Free Press.

The 6 Scientific Method Steps and How to Use Them

The 6 Scientific Method Steps and How to Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you’re faced with a scientific problem, solving it can seem like an impossible prospect. There are so many possible explanations for everything we see and experience- how can you possibly make sense of them all? Science has a simple answer: the scientific method. The scientific method is a method of asking and answering questions about the world. These guiding principles give scientists a model to work through when trying to understand the world, but where did that model come from, and how does it work? In this article, we’ll define the scientific method, discuss its long history, and cover each of the scientific method steps in detail. What Is the Scientific Method? At its most basic, the scientific method is a procedure for conducting scientific experiments. It’s a set model that scientists in a variety of fields can follow, going from initial observation to conclusion in a loose but concrete format. The number of steps varies, but the process begins with an observation, progresses through an experiment, and concludes with analysis and sharing data. One of the most important pieces to the scientific method is skepticism- the goal is to find truth, not to confirm a particular thought. That requires reevaluation and repeated experimentation, as well as examining your thinking through rigorous study. There are in fact multiple scientific methods, as the basic structure can be easily modified.The one we typically learn about in school isthe basic method, based inlogic and problem solving, typically used in â€Å"hard† science fields like biology, chemistry, and physics. It may vary in other fields, such as psychology, but the basic premise of making observations, testing, and continuing to improve a theory from the results remain the same. The History of the Scientific Method The scientific method as we know it today is based on thousands of years of scientific study. Its development goes all the way back to ancient Mesopotamia, Greece, and India. The Ancient World In ancient Greece, Aristotle devised an inductive-deductive process, which weighs broad generalizations from data against conclusions reached by narrowing down possibilities from a general statement. However, he favored deductive reasoning, as it identifies causes, which he saw as more important. Aristotle wrote a great deal about logic and many of his ideas about reasoning echo those found in the modern scientific method, such as ignoring circular evidence and limiting the number of middle terms between the beginning of an experiment and the end. Though his model isn’t the one that we use today, the reliance on logic and thorough testing are still key parts of science today. The Middle Ages The next big step toward the development of the modern scientific method came in the Middle Ages, particularly in the Islamic world. Ibn al-Haytham, a physicist from what we now know as Iraq, developed a method of testing, observing, and deducing for his research on vision. al-Haytham was critical of Aristotle’s lack of inductive reasoning, which played an important role in his own research. Other scientists, including AbÃ… « RayhÄ n al-BÄ «rÃ… «nÄ «, Ibn Sina, and Robert Grosseteste also developed models of scientific reasoning to test their own theories. Though they frequently disagreed with one another and Aristotle, those disagreements and refinements of their methods led to the scientific method we have today. Following those major developments, particularly Grosseteste’s work, Roger Bacon developed his own cycle of observation (seeing that something occurs), hypothesis (making a guess about why that thing occurs), experimentation (testing that the thing occurs), and verification (an outside person ensuring that the result of the experiment is consistent). After joining the Franciscan Order, Bacon was granted a special commission to write about science; typically, Friars were not allowed to write books or pamphlets. With this commission, Bacon outlined important tenets of the scientific method, including causes of error, methods of knowledge, and the differences between speculative and experimental science. He also used his own principles to investigate the causes of a rainbow, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness. Scientific Revolution Throughout the Renaissance, more great thinkers became involved in devising a thorough, rigorous method of scientific study. Francis Bacon brought inductive reasoning further into the method, whereas Descartes argued that the laws of the universe meant that deductive reasoning was sufficient. Galileo’s research was also inductive reasoning-heavy, as he believed that researchers could not account for every possible variable; therefore, repetition was necessary to eliminate faulty hypotheses and experiments. All of this led to the birth of the Scientific Revolution, which took place during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In 1660, a group of philosophers and physicians joined together to work on scientific advancement. After approval from England’s crown, the group became known as the Royal Society, which helped create a thriving scientific community and an early academic journal to help introduce rigorous study and peer review. Previous generations of scientists had touched on the importance of induction and deduction, but Sir Isaac Newton proposed that both were equally important. This contribution helped establish the importance of multiple kinds of reasoning, leading to more rigorous study. As science began to splinter into separate areas of study, it became necessary to define different methods for different fields. Karl Popper was a leader in this area- he established that science could be subject to error, sometimes intentionally. This was particularly tricky for â€Å"soft† sciences like psychology and social sciences, which require different methods. Popper’s theories furthered the divide between sciences like psychology and â€Å"hard† sciences like chemistry or physics. Paul Feyerabend argued that Popper’s methods were too restrictive for certain fields, and followed a less restrictive method hinged on â€Å"anything goes,† as great scientists had made discoveries without the Scientific Method. Feyerabend suggested that throughout history scientists had adapted their methods as necessary, and that sometimes it would be necessary to break the rules. This approach suited social and behavioral scientists particularly well, leading to a more diverse range of models for scientists in multiple fields to use. The Scientific Method Steps Though different fields may have variations on the model, the basic scientific method is as follows: #1: Make Observations Notice something, such as the air temperature during the winter, what happens when ice cream melts, or how your plants behave when you forget to water them. #2: Ask a Question Turn your observation into a question. Why is the temperature lower during the winter? Why does my ice cream melt? Why does my toast always fall butter-side down? This step can also include doing some research. You may be able to find answers to these questions already, but you can still test them! #3: Make a Hypothesis A hypothesis is an educated guess of the answer to your question. Why does your toast always fall butter-side down? Maybe it’s because the butter makes that side of the bread heavier. A good hypothesis leads to a prediction that you can test, phrased as an if/then statement. In this case, we can pick something like, â€Å"If toast is buttered, then it will hit the ground butter-first.† #4: Experiment Your experiment is designed to test whether your predication about what will happen is true. A good experiment will test one variable at a time- for example, we’re trying to test whether butter weighs down one side of toast, making it more likely to hit the ground first. The unbuttered toast is our control variable. If we determine the chance that a slice of unbuttered toast, marked with a dot, will hit the ground on a particular side, we can compare those results to our buttered toast to see if there’s a correlation between the presence of butter and which way the toast falls. If we decided not to toast the bread, that would be introducing a new question- whether or not toasting the bread has any impact on how it falls. Since that’s not part of our test, we’ll stick with determining whether the presence of butter has any impact on which side hits the ground first. #5: Analyze Data After our experiment, we discover that both buttered toast and unbuttered toast have a 50/50 chance of hitting the ground on the buttered or marked side when dropped from a consistent height, straight down. It looks like our hypothesis was incorrect- it’s not the butter that makes the toast hit the ground in a particular way, so it must be something else. Since we didn’t get the desired result, it’s back to the drawing board. Our hypothesis wasn’t correct, so we’ll need to start fresh. Now that you think about it, your toast seems to hit the ground butter-first when it slides off your plate, not when you drop it from a consistent height. That can be the basis for your new experiment. #6: Communicate Your Results Good science needs verification. Your experiment should be replicable by other people, so you can put together a report about how you ran your experiment to see if other peoples’ findings are consistent with yours. This may be useful for class or a science fair. Professional scientists may publish their findings in scientific journals, where other scientists can read and attempt their own versions of the same experiments. Being part of a scientific community helps your experiments be stronger because other people can see if there are flaws in your approach- such as if you tested with different kinds of bread, or sometimes used peanut butter instead of butter- that can lead you closer to a good answer. A Scientific Method Example: Falling Toast We’ve run through a quick recap of the scientific method steps, but let’s look a little deeper by trying again to figure out why toast so often falls butter side down. #1: Make Observations At the end of our last experiment, where we learned that butter doesn’t actually make toast more likely to hit the ground on that side, we remembered that the times when our toast hits the ground butter side first are usually when it’s falling off a plate. #2: Ask a Question The easiest question we can ask is, â€Å"Why is that?† We can actually search this online and find a pretty detailed answer as to why this is true. But we’re budding scientists- we want to see it in action and verify it for ourselves! After all, good science should be replicable, and we have all the tools we need to test out what’s really going on. #3: Make a Hypothesis Why do we think that buttered toast hits the ground butter-first? We know it’s not because it’s heavier, so we can strike that out. Maybe it’s because of the shape of our plate? That’s something we can test. We’ll phrase our hypothesis as, â€Å"If my toast slides off my plate, then it will fall butter-side down.† #4: Experiment Just seeing that toast falls off a plate butter-side down isn’t enough for us. We want to know why, so we’re going to take things a step further- we’ll set up a slow-motion camera to capture what happens as the toast slides off the plate. We’ll run the test ten times, each time tilting the same plate until the toast slides off. We’ll make note of each time the butter side lands first and see what’s happening on the video so we can see what’s going on. #5: Analyze Data When we review the footage, we’ll likely notice that the bread starts to flip when it slides off the edge, changing how it falls in a way that didn’t happen when we dropped it ourselves. That answers our question, but it’s not the complete picture- how do other plates affect how often toast hits the ground butter-first? What if the toast is already butter-side down when it falls? These are things we can test in further experiments with new hypotheses! #6: Communicate Your Results Now that we have results, we can share them with others who can verify our results. As mentioned above, being part of the scientific community can lead to better results. If your results were wildly different from the established thinking about buttered toast, that might be cause for reevaluation. If they’re the same, they might lead others to make new discoveries about buttered toast. At the very least, you have a cool experiment you can share with your friends! Key Scientific Method Tips Though science can be complex, the benefit of the scientific method is that it gives you an easy-to-follow means of thinking about why and how things happen. To use it effectively, keep these things in mind! Don’t Worry About Proving Your Hypothesis One of the important things to remember about the scientific method is that it’s not necessarily meant to prove your hypothesis right. It’s great if you do manage to guess the reason for something right the first time, but the ultimate goal of an experiment is to find the true reason for your observation to occur, not to prove your hypothesis right. Good science sometimes means that you’re wrong. That’s not a bad thing- a well-designed experiment with an unanticipated result can be just as revealing, if not more, than an experiment that confirms your hypothesis. Be Prepared to Try Again If the data from your experiment doesn’t match your hypothesis, that’s not a bad thing. You’ve eliminated one possible explanation, which brings you one step closer to discovering the truth. The scientific method isn’t something you’re meant to do exactly once to prove a point. It’s meant to be repeated and adapted to bring you closer to a solution. Even if you can demonstrate truth in your hypothesis, a good scientist will run an experiment again to be sure that the results are replicable. You can even tweak a successful hypothesis to test another factor, such as if we redid our buttered toast experiment to find out whether different kinds of plates affect whether or not the toast falls butter-first. The more we test our hypothesis, the stronger it becomes! What’s Next? Want to learn more about the scientific method? These important high school science classes will no doubt cover it in a variety of different contexts. Test your ability to follow the scientific method using these at-home science experiments for kids! Need some proof that science is fun? Try making slime!

Sampling Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling Methods - Assignment Example For a health based proposal such as the one the researcher is currently working on, the population shall be made up of respondents from a hospital setting where the researcher shall have access to both care givers and service users. In this case, the care givers shall be nurses whiles the service users shall be the patients who receive care from the selected hospital. For a hospital as a research population site, there are certainly going to be a very large number of respondents that the researcher cannot interact with straight away. For this reason, a sampling method shall be instituted to select a hand-full of respondents. The sampling technique to be used shall be a purposive sampling technique. Generally, a purposive sampling technique is suitable for qualitative research as it offers the researcher the opportunity to select only a specified group of people whose description meet the variables set (Wolcott, 1994). Using a purposive sampling technique would ensure that the researc her does not interact with people whose presence may not be very meaningful to the research. The purposive sampling method shall be use by using the hospital folder of patients in an identified ward to select the best group of patients who meet the variables that will be outlined for the study. Commonly, purposive sampling is criticized for not guaranteeing internal validity because the researcher shall have some levels of manipulation of the respondents and could adjust the selection process to suit the hypothesis set (Trochim, 2006). This shall however be addressed by ensuring that an empirical data analysis technique is used. Ethical issues may also arise when respondents are forced to be part of the sample size once they are selected by researcher. This shall be addressed by ensuring that it is only respondents who express willingness to be part of the study shall be included.

Corporate Restructuring of RBS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Restructuring of RBS - Essay Example Many organizations these days are practicing corporate restructuring to make the optimal use of their resource. Some organizations have found that corporate restructuring is necessary for enhancing the business profitability, while other businesses have not been very successful in restructuring. This has resulted in debates over whether the corporate restructuring is really beneficial or whether it is only a myth. This paper is going to look at the both sides of corporate restructuring and will conclude with the final word on the impact of Corporate Restructuring on the financial position of an organization. The major objective behind any restructuring program is to achieve the organizational efficiency. Corporate Restructuring schemes are designed keeping in mind the enhancement in productivity of the workers, cost control elements and any other objectives that are going to maximize the shareholder’s wealth. Conventionally it was thought that corporate restructuring improves the performance of a company’s shares on the stock market. This hypothesis was rejected by a recent study. It was revealed that announcements relating to Corporate Restructuring of an organization did not yield abnormal returns for the stockholders. Hence, Corporate Restructuring does not change market sentiments about the organization immediately. The change in financial performance only occurs if it is found that the corporate restructuring has enhanced the organization’s use of resources and there has been an increase in the profitability of the firm. (Bowman & Singh, 1993) Another study done on the group of hospitals revealed that Corporate Restructuring is not positively correlated with increase in financial position and performance of an organization. Other factors such as size of the organization, number of employees and target market are more likely to be the main difference between financially strong and a financially weak organization. The results of this stu dy may lack reliability because it was cross-sectional research containing data of only one year. In the long-run Corporate Restructuring forces might be more efficient and have an impact on profitability of the organization. But to be on the safe side we can say that Corporate Restructuring is not correlated with the profitability of the organization in the short-run at least. (Clement, A'unno, & Poyzer, 1993) The paper is going to examine the impact of Corporate Restructuring on the market of an organization. The results of the studies indicated that the smaller and more centrally concentrated organizations are better in strategic decision making. In the period of 1990s, many organizations with diffused investment subsidiaries and stakes lacked any attention from the investors and hence there was a lot of focus on downsizing strategies during that period. The study also focused that blockholder investment is necessary for the stability of organization and firms with blockholder in vestment are efficiently configured. Hence, it is better for the organizations to downsize and try to maintain blockholder organizational structure in order to safeguard against uncertainty. Many organizations are downsizing because over-diversification is doing more harm than good and investors have realized that the correct way of making money is by investing large sums in a single organization to achieve growth. (Bethel & Liebieskind, 1993) A

How Nintendo is left brained Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Nintendo is left brained - Essay Example This part of the brain controls the right side of the body. (Edward) CERTAIN FEATURES OF NINTENDO GAMES WITH EXAMPLES: A number of Nintendo games are available for purchase in the market. These games incorporate techniques that require analytical and logical approaches to be embedded by the player. Examples of Nintendo games involving the brain activity of the player from the left side of the brain include Donkey Kong, numerous puzzle related games such as Repton, Knights Lore, Cantlequest. Puzzle solving games involve the embedding of decision making techniques. Thompson writes about traditional puzzle games in his book â€Å"Video Games Design Revealed† in the following words: â€Å"The general format for traditional puzzle games often includes a problem that needs to be solved, followed by some kind of subtle scenario change, followed by another puzzle that needs to be solved in order to gain points or move up a hierarchy of levels.† (31). Each puzzle game introduced by the Nintendo game introduces a different decision making perspective to the player. This results in even more brainstorming on the Player’s end. In addition to puzzle solving games there are also few brain games in the Nintendo Series of video games. These games are named as the ‘Brain Training Series’ by their developer Professor Kawashima and Nintendo.

Formative Assessment and Secondary Higher Secondary Essay Example for Free

Formative Assessment and Secondary Higher Secondary Essay Main subjectsEnglish, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Civics, Geography and Economics. Additional subjects (optional)Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Oriya, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, French, Tibetan, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Nepali, Limboo, Lepcha, Bhutia, and Mizo. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is an education system newly introduced by Central Board of Secondary Education in India, for students of sixth to tenth grades. The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school. This is believed to help reduce the pressure on the child during/before examinations as the student will have to sit for multiple tests throughout the year, of which no test or the syllabus covered will be repeated at the end of the year, whatsoever. The CCE method is claimed to bring enormous changes from the traditional chalk and talk method of teaching, provided it is implemented accurately. Introduction Implementation of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation was one of the recommendations of the Indian Education Commission, 1964-66 popularly known as Kothari Commission. The recommendation was accepted by the Govt. of India under National Policy of Education(NPE),1968 which was formulated on the basis of the recommendations of the Kothari Commission. A humble beginning was made since then by introducing unit tests in place of Term end exam or year end exam.Subsequently the NPE was re-formulated in 1986.The Govt. of India came out with Programme of Action in(PoA)in 1992.All the documents such as National Curriculum Frame work for School Education,2000 and the National Curriculum Frame work, 2005 also stressed on the implementation of the CCE.With the launching of the SSA, the CCE was introduced for the classes from Ist to VIIth.The RTE also speaks about the CCE. Thus CCE is implemented now during the tenure of Shri Sibbal,Minister of Human Resource Development. This is the new evaluation method introduced recently to decrease the accumulated stress of board exams on the students and to introduce a more uniform and comprehensive pattern in education for the children all over the nation. CCE helps in improving student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties and abilities at regular time intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance. CCE is the modern method of evaluating all the prime dimensions of a students personality that of how much he has been through out. New scheme of evaluation As a part of this new system, students marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and extra-curricular evaluations along with academics. The aim is to reduce the workload on students and to improve the overall skill and ability of the student by means of evaluation of other activities. Grades are awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, behavior, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the students ability. This helps the students who are not good in academics to show their talent in other fields such as arts, humanities,  sports, music, athletics, etc. Marks and grades In CCE, the marks obtained in an exam are usually not revealed. However, equivalent grades, which would be deduced using a special method by the teachers during evaluation would be revealed. This is considered as a drawback since a child with 92 marks will get the same grade as the child with 100 marks and their talents cannot be recognized by anyone else other than their teachers. Though this system might have some drawbacks it instills this value that students need to compete with themselves to get a better grade and not with others. The grading system is as follows- CGPAGradeQualified?Merited? Unlike CBSEs old pattern of only one test at the end of the academic year, the CCE conducts several. There are two different types of tests. Namely, the formative and the summative. Formative tests will comprise the students work at class and home, the students performance in oral tests and quizzes and the quality of the projects or assignments submitted by the child. Formative tests will be conducted four times in an academic session, and they will carry a 40% weightage for the aggregate. In some schools, an additional written test is conducted instead of multiple oral tests. However, at-least one oral test is conducted. The summative assessment is a three-hour long written test conducted twice an year. The first summative or Summative Assessment 1 (SA-1) will be conducted after the first two formatives are completed. The second (SA-2) will be conducted after the next  two formatives. Each summative will carry a 30% weightage and both together will carry a 60% weightage for the aggregate. The summative assessment will be conducted by the schools itself. However, the question papers will be partially prepared by the CBSE and evaluation of the answer sheets is also strictly monitored by the CBSE. Once completed, the syllabus of one summative will not be repeated in the next. A student will have to concentrate on totally new topics for the next summative. At the end of the year, the CBSE processes the result by adding the formative score to the summative score, i.e. 40% + 60% = 100%. Depending upon the percentage obtained, the board will deduce the CGPA and thereby deduce the grade obtained. In addition to the summative assessment, the board will offer an optional online aptitude test that may also be used as a tool along with the grades obtained in the CCE to help students to decide the choice of subjects in further studies. The board has also instructed the schools to prepare the report card and it will be duly signed by the principal, the student and the Board official. Often during the evaluation of Social Science papers, the following concepts are observed. Investigation of the situation What is the question and what is to be explained. Deductive Method What does the student know and how can he use it to explain a situation. Co-relation with a real life situation Whether the situation given matches any real life situation, like tsunamis, floods, tropical cyclones, etc. Usage of Information Technology Can the problem be solved with the use of IT? If yes, how? In addition to that, various assignments can be given such as projects, models and charts, group work, worksheet, survey, seminar, etc. The teacher will also play a major role. For example, they give remedial help, maintain a term-wise record and checklists, etc.